▼ ASYLUM · TOP DEST · 2025 ES Spain 141,050 IT Italy 126,630 FR France 116,480 DE Germany 113,235 EL Greece 55,375 BE Belgium 27,550 NL Netherlands 24,115 IE Ireland 12,980 AT Austria 12,505 PL Poland 11,160
▼ TOP ORIGIN NATIONS · 2025 VE Venezuela 89,460 AF Afghanistan 63,900 SY Syria 40,410 BD Bangladesh 35,305 TR Türkiye 24,220 EG Egypt 22,550 UA Ukraine 22,355 CO Colombia 20,850 PE Peru 19,645 MA Morocco 18,675
▼ FRONTEX ROUTES · 2024 Eastern Mediterranean (incl. land border) 73,000 Central Mediterranean 66,766 Western African / Atlantic to Canaries 46,843 Western Balkans 21,515 Eastern Land Borders (Belarus + others) 16,939 Western Mediterranean 11,900 English Channel (UK-bound) 0 TOTAL EU 236,963 NGO rescues 2024 52,140
▼ DEAD+MISSING · IOM 2026 1,469 2025 3,053 2024 3,649 By route (since 2014) Mediterranean 33,978 Northern Africa 10,114 Europe 1,491 SINCE 2014 45,583
▼ DECISIONS · 2025 TOTAL ISSUED 833,835 REFUGEE20% SUBSIDIARY8.7% HUMANITARIAN10.4% NEGATIVE60.9% Appeal pending238,720 Avg processing days214
▼ FIRST PERMITS · 2024 WORK1,115,986 FAMILY950,422 EDUCATION549,458 OTHER888,784 TOTAL3,504,650 Renewals4,820,000 Long-term resid.10,340,000 Blue Card holders89,650
▼ FOREIGN POPULATION · 2025 FOREIGN CITIZENS · EU-27 44.7M EU-foreign14.1M Non-EU30.6M % of EU pop9.9% Born abroad80.2M 2nd generation19.4M YoY net migration+2.3M
▼ NATURALISATIONS · 2024 ACQUISITIONS · EU-27 1,177,232 TOP 5 DE Germany 288,670 ES Spain 252,476 IT Italy 217,448 FR France 103,661 SE Sweden 62,989 Family reunif.912,600 Mixed marriages182,400
▼ RETURNS · 2025 ORDERS ISSUED491,950 EXECUTED155,110 GAP−336,840 EXECUTION RATE 31.5% Voluntary dep.38,580 Forced removals88,360
▼ TOP RETURN MS · 2025 DE Germany 36,075 FR France 18,930 SE Sweden 13,990 CY Cyprus 10,630 PL Poland 9,700 AT Austria 8,045 HR Croatia 6,620 TOP DESTINATIONS Albania·Georgia·MD38,420 Türkiye·Tunisia·MA21,800
▼ DUBLIN TRANSFERS · 2024 OUT REQUESTS82,440 ACCEPTED49,820 EXECUTED17,660 TRANSFER RATE 21.4% Take-back IT14,820 Take-charge DE11,640
▼ PRE-REMOVAL DETENTION · 2024 DETAINED98,420 Avg days32 Released w/o return71,820 Successful returns26,600 DETENTION → RETURN RATE 27% Capacity EU-2726,300 Cost / day€110
▼ PRISON POP · BY CITIZENSHIP · 2023 FOREIGN SHARE OF PRISON POPULATION EU-27 AVG22.1% DE 33.5% IT 31.4% ES 27.9% FR 24.3% NL 19.8% SE 31.2%
▼ SUSPECTED OFFENDERS · 2023 FOREIGN SHARE OF POLICE-RECORDED SUSPECTS EU-27 weighted17.4% Violent crime21.8% Property crime19.2% Drug-related23.6% Cybercrime9.4% Convicted (EU avg)18.9%
▼ ASYLUM-LINKED CRIME (DE) · 2023 SUSPECTED OFFENDERS BY STATUS · BAMF / BKA Asylum applicants8.2% Refugee status3.4% Irregular stay5.6% Reoffending rate38.4% Repeat in 12mo22.1%
▼ DEPORTATION ORDERS · POST-CONV · 2023 DE 14,820 FR 11,640 IT 8,920 ES 6,710 TOTAL EU-2768,420 Of which executed29,820 EXEC RATE · POST-CRIM 43.6%
▼ FOREIGN STUDENTS · K-12 EU-27 avg12.4% LU 51.2% AT 22.4% DE 17.8% SE 19.1% IT 11.2% FR 9.8% Foreign-born share18.7%
▼ WELFARE BENEFICIARIES NON-CITIZEN SHARE · ESSPROS Family11.8% Housing14.6% Unemployment13.2% Min income17.4% Healthcare9.4% Foreign pop share10.0%
▼ REMITTANCES OUTFLOW EU OUTFLOW 2024 · BCE BoP €48.2B FR €14.20B DE €8.64B IT €8.10B ES €7.84B NL €2.18B Cumul. 2015–24€421.00B
▼ LABOUR MARKET · 15-64 FOREIGN-CITIZEN EU Employed62.4% Unemployment11.8% NEET 15-2922.4% CF. NATIONALS Employed71.8% Unemployment5.4% NEET 15-299.6%