ES · 2023 · rd_e_gerdtot
GERD by sector of performance
Spain, 2023
In 2023, Spain's GERD by sector of performance increased by 6.4% compared to 2022, reaching 1.5%.
The figure is below the EU-27 average of 2.3%.
Spain ranks 16th out of 27 EU member states with reported data — in the bottom half of the distribution.
Over the past five years, the indicator has grown by 21.1% (from 1.2% in 2018).
Source: Eurostat dataset rd_e_gerdtot, accessed via the eupublicdata pipeline.